Brown+v.+Board

 **BASIC FACTS OF THE CASES -Five cases were combined under the name of Brown v. Board because they all were similar in case. -All five cases challenged that racial segregation of schools was unconstitutional. -The cases were planned by the NAACP to try to end racial segregation. ** **
 * = //BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION// **What would break Jim Crow America? What role did education play in the movement to desgregate America?**[[image:turningpoints09:pnl10-1.jpg]] ||  ||   ||=   ||

MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE PLAINTIFF ** -Equal protection of the laws shouldn't allow segregation. -There were harmful psychological problems with segregated African-American children. -The fourteenth amendment didn't say if it was okay for states to segregate schools. -The fourteenth amendment allowed the government to stop any discriminatory actions.

**MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE DEFENDANTS** -The Constitution didn't force blacks and whites to attend the same schools. -Separation of blacks and whites was a religious custom. -Segregation was not harmful to African-Americans. -It would take time before black children would be able to compete with white children academically.

-**The nine judges were split between their decisions. -They were worried that their decision to integrate schools would be unenforceable. -Vinson died, and Eisenhower appointed Warren as cheif justice.
 * THE CHANGE IN THE COURT

-Warren ruled that the "separate but equal" idea isn't fair, and that separate would always be unequal. -The "separate but equal" clause also only refered to transportation, not education. -The court voted in favor of integration because it did hurt the minds of African-American children.  -The court told states to end segregation "with all deliberate speed." -This allowed segregationists lots of time to organize resistance.
 * THE COURT DECISION **
 * ENFORCING THE DECISION**

-During the time of the case, many were also shocked by the strong white resistance in the south. -Many years after the Brown case, the movement led minorities, women, etc to call for equality.
 * THE IMPACT and LEGACY**